System and method for adding data to a printed publication

ABSTRACT

Systems and methods for adding data to a printed publication are provided. One method includes receiving variable data and controlling an energy source to at least partially ablate the printed publication based on the variable data. The printed publication is printed on the substrate using the commercial printing press based on fixed data. Controlling the energy source to at least partially ablate the printed publication includes, after the printed publication has been printed on the substrate by the commercial printing press based on the fixed data, controlling the energy source to remove a portion of the printed publication based on the variable data.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/398,729, filed Feb. 16, 2012, titled “System and Method for AddingData to a Printed Publication,” which is a continuation of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 12/275,085, filed Nov. 20, 2008, titled “System andMethod for Adding Data to a Printed Publication,” which claims priorityto U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/003,991, filed Nov. 21,2007, titled “Laser printing using ablation,” all of which areincorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to the field of printing, suchas commercial printing. The disclosure more specifically relates toprinting fixed and variable data by using a laser to ablate at least aportion of a layer.

BACKGROUND

Current commercial printing technology generally employs planographic(e.g., offset, lithography, collatype, screenless), relief (e.g.,letterpress and flexography), intaglio (e.g., gravure and steel dieengraving), porous (e.g., screen printing and stencil), reprography(e.g., copying and duplicity) and digital (e.g., ink jets and toner)methods of print.

Commercial printing can include fixed data printing followed by variabledata printing (VDP) employing an ink jet system. The fixed data printingcan be performed using current commercial printing technology, such ashigh quality high speed four color printing press-based processes likeweb-offset. Today, variable data printing is often performed in thepost-press process (e.g., after the fixed data is applied to asubstrate) or as part of tasks related to personalization, mailing ordelivery. The variable data printing can be used to print codes,messages, images and other data unique to an item or group of itemsprinted. For example, the variable data may comprise codes that caninclude batch or serial numbers, addresses for recipients of the items,names, personalized messages, advertising, consumer specific coupons,etc. Traditionally, ink jet systems are most commonly used to print thevariable data. The ink jet systems used for variable data printing areoften slower than the higher-speeds of the fixed data printing systems,which thus requires the printed materials to be transferred “off-line”to a different variable printing line or the use of high cost equipmentsuch as accumulators or buffers to process the materials “in-line.”Further, the manufacturer must continue to buy the ink long afterpurchasing the ink jet, resulting in an ongoing manufacturing expense.Yet further, the ink jet heads often become clogged and damaged,requiring labor and replacement costs. Additionally, the toxicity ofsome ink adds additional manufacturing complexity. Additionally, the inkjet systems have other drawbacks that may hinder performance of theoverall printing process, as discussed above.

Alternatively, a printing line can utilize an entirely platelessprinting process and perform fixed and variable data printing in asingle line. Such systems rely on ink jets, electrophotography, ion orelectron charge deposition, etc. As discussed above, such systems havedrawbacks.

SUMMARY

One embodiment of the disclosure relates to a method of adding data to aprinted publication printed on a substrate by a commercial printingpress as the substrate travels through the commercial printing press.The method includes receiving variable data. The variable data includes,for a print run during which a plurality of copies of the printedpublication are printed, data changed between at least two of thecopies. The method further includes controlling an energy source to atleast partially ablate the printed publication based on the variabledata. The printed publication is printed on the substrate using thecommercial printing press based on fixed data. The fixed data includesdata common to all of the copies of the printed publication printedduring the print run. Controlling the energy source to at leastpartially ablate the printed publication includes, after the printedpublication has been printed on the substrate by the commercial printingpress based on the fixed data, controlling the energy source to remove aportion of the printed publication based on the variable data.

Another embodiment relates to a system for adding data to a printedpublication printed on a substrate. The system includes a processingcircuit and an energy source. The processing circuit is configured toreceive variable data and to control the energy source to at leastpartially ablate the printed publication based on the variable data. Thevariable data includes, for a print run during which a plurality ofcopies of the printed publication are printed, data changed between atleast two of the copies. The publication is printed by a commercialprinting press as the substrate travels through the commercial printingpress based on fixed data. The fixed data includes data common to all ofthe copies of the printed publication printed during the print run.After the printed publication has been printed on the substrate by thecommercial printing press based on the fixed data, the processingcircuit is configured to control the energy source to remove a portionof the printed publication based on the variable data.

Yet another embodiment relates to a printed publication generated usinga process. The process includes receiving variable data. The variabledata includes, for a print run during which a plurality of copies of theprinted publication are printed, data changed between at least two ofthe copies. The process further includes controlling an energy source toat least partially ablate the printed publication based on the variabledata. The printed publication is printed on the substrate using thecommercial printing press based on fixed data. The fixed data includesdata common to all of the copies of the printed publication printedduring the print run. Controlling the energy source to at leastpartially ablate the printed publication includes, after the printedpublication has been printed on the substrate by the commercial printingpress based on the fixed data, controlling the energy source to remove aportion of the printed publication based on the variable data.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a printing line according to oneexemplary embodiment.

FIG. 2 is an overhead schematic view of a finishing line with a stitcheraccording to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 3 is an overhead schematic view of a finishing line with a binderaccording to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 4 is an overhead schematic view of a mailing line according to anexemplary embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a printed material including variabledata applied according to one exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a printed material that includesvariable data applied to the printed material according to one exemplaryembodiment.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a printed material that includesvariable data applied on the edges of the printed material pagesaccording to one exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a perspective schematic view of an optical matrix laserprinting apparatus configuration, according to one exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a side plan view of the optical matrix printing configurationof FIG. 8, according to one exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a perspective schematic view of an optical matrix variabledata printer configuration, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 11 is a schematic block diagram of an ablation system according toan exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a cross-section of a substrate with multiple ablated layersfrom the system of FIG. 10 according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 13 is a process flow diagram of a method for ablating data with thesystem of FIG. 10 according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 14 is a process flow diagram of a method for ablating fixed andvariable data with the system of FIG. 10 according to an exemplaryembodiment.

FIG. 15 is a photograph of a laser performing ablation in a finishingline according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 16 is a photograph of an ablation printer in a finishing lineaccording to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 17 is an overhead schematic view of a finishing line according toanother exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 18 is an overhead schematic view of a packaging line according toan exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 19 is a schematic block diagram of a variable data printing systemfor printing on packaging according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 20 is a process flow diagram of a method for printing data onpackaging with the system of FIG. 19 according to an exemplaryembodiment.

FIG. 21 is a process flow diagram of a method for printing data onpackaging with the system of FIG. 19 according to another exemplaryembodiment.

FIG. 22 is a process flow diagram of a method for printing data onpackaging with the system of FIG. 19 according to another exemplaryembodiment.

FIG. 23 is a process flow diagram of a method for printing data onpackaging with the system of FIG. 19 on the packaging line of FIG. 16according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 24 is a process flow diagram of a method for printing data onpackaging with the system of FIG. 19 on the packaging line of FIG. 16according to another exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 25 is a process flow diagram of a method for printing data onpackaging with the system of FIG. 19 on the packaging line of FIG. 16according to another exemplary embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

Embodiments described herein can provide an improved printing processfor fixed and/or variable printing; provide a combination of a higherspeed fixed and/or variable data printing process with a high speed,high quality fixed and/or variable data printing process; provide anefficient, high quality, high speed, high resolution fixed and/orvariable printing apparatus and process; provide a non-ink based fixedand/or variable data printing process. Yet further, various embodimentscan provide a fixed and/or variable data printing process that can beintegrated into a high speed, four color printing press operation.

Printing Overview

Data, both variable and fixed, may be marked or otherwise printed on asubstrate (e.g., a generally flexible substrate, a generally stiffsubstrate, a semi-rigid substrate, etc.) or printed material (e.g., aweb, which may be continuous, sheets of paper, paper which may be coatedor uncoated, a printed publication or other printed material, etc.) atany point during a commercial printing process, including on a printingand/or a finishing line. The substrate may be made from a variety ofmaterials including, without limitation, paper, plastic, metal,laminate, or any combination thereof Printed publications may includeany printed media intended for distribution typically by mailing, to awide audience, such as hundreds, thousands, or more. Examples of typesof printed publications may include catalogs, magazines, bound andunbound advertisements, newspapers, direct marketing and mailing pieces,inserts, onserts, signatures or forms used to make any of the above,etc.

In exemplary embodiments where the substrate is packaging, the packagingmay generally be any material used to pack or label something, forexample a box, carton, bag, tag, label, can, or bottle to package aproduct. In some exemplary embodiments, the packaging may besubstantially non-flat, such as bottles, cans, or other materials havingsubstantial sizes in three dimensions. The packaging may enclose orsubstantially enclose a product and may have opaque, transparent, and/ortranslucent portions. The packaging may have dimensions greater thanabout 0.02 inches in all three dimensions, greater than about 0.2 inchesin all three dimensions, greater than about 2 inches in all threedimensions, any combination thereof, or other thicknesses. According toother exemplary embodiments, the packaging may be substantially flat,such as paper, cardboard, or plastic cards. In some exemplaryembodiments, the packaging may be substantially flat at one step in aprocess and become substantially non-flat at a second step in a process(e.g., where cardboard is formed into a box), and printing may occur ateither step of the process. For example, a plastic packaging may beapplied to a package of meat, whereby the packaging becomessubstantially non-flat due to the non-flat surfaces of the meat, andprinting is applied to the plastic in its non-flat form. In variousexemplary embodiments including substantially flat or non-flatpackaging, the packaging may be composed of paper, cardboard, plastic,metal, wood, glass, fabric or fibrous material, foam, rubber, anothermaterial, or any combination thereof.

Packaging generally includes discrete primary, secondary, and/ortertiary packaging units. For purposes of this disclosure, “primarypackaging” may be a packaging unit that is in contact with the product,that first envelops and holds the product, or that is the smallest unitof distribution or use in the packaging. For purposes of thisdisclosure, “secondary packaging” may be a packaging unit that isoutside the primary packaging, that is in contact with the primarypackaging, or that is used to group primary packaging together. Forpurposes of this disclosure, “tertiary packaging” may be a packagingunit that is used for bulk handling, warehouse storage, or transportshipping (e.g., a palletized unit load that packs into containers) orthat is in contact with the secondary packaging and/or the primarypackaging. According to various exemplary embodiments, the packaging maysubstantially cover the product to be packaged.

According to another exemplary embodiment, variable data may compriseinformation printed on product packaging representing product numbering,naming, expiration information, customization information, shipping ormailing information, or other information related to a product to bepackaged.

For purposes of this disclosure, “fixed data” may be any commoninformation added or printed to multiple printed materials that does notchange for each printed material. This fixed data may include data thatforms graphical or textual information. Under some circumstances, fixeddata may also include machine readable indicia such as a barcode, aname, a location, a number, a graphic, text, advertisement, article, orany other information that may be commonly printed on multiple printedmaterials so long as meeting the meaning of fixed data.

“Variable data” may comprise elements such as text, a graphic, image,data or information which may be changed from one print operation to thenext or from one series of print operations to the next, or acombination thereof. Variable data may be received from a database,external file, memory, or other data source. In some embodiments,variable data may be changed without stopping or slowing down theprinting process. The term variable data may be used to refer to datastored in a memory, to the indicia printed on the printed material basedon the data stored in the memory, or to data represented in any otherform. Variable data may be used to determine which of other variabledata is to be printed on a substrate (e.g., demographic data may be usedto determine which of different variable data advertisements to print)or variable data may represent the data that actually gets printed(e.g., the advertisement).

Variable data may include or be based on geographic, demographic,postal, personal, and/or book data or any combination of these types ofinformation and other types of information not specifically identifiedhere. Geographic information may include address data, regional data,state data, country data, language data, or other types of geographicalor census data for each piece of printed material. Demographic data mayinclude any data about the recipient or subscriber or class ofrecipients or subscribers of the printed media including personal datawhich may be used by a printing device configured to print personalizedcontent on the printed media during a finishing operation as well asinformation based upon region, country, state, etc. Postal informationmay comprise any information useful to a postal delivery service oruseful in taking advantage of the features offered by a postal deliveryservice including postal class data (e.g., as first class, second class,third class, standard, flat rate, and priority), private mailingservices data (e.g., for FedEx, UPS, DHL, etc.), postal deliveryinformation or sort information (e.g., carrier route number), zip code(e.g., 3 or 5 digit zip code data), sectional center facility (SCF)information, or any other geographic or postal rate data. Personal datamay include age data, purchasing history data, buying habit data, incomedata, race or ethnicity data, sex data, religious data, hobby data, orany other data about a person or class of persons. Book data may includeinformation about the book, magazine, catalog, signature, or otherprinted material being assembled including the title of the printedmaterial, size data representing a size of at least one dimension of theprinted media (e.g., a length to be trimmed, a length post-trim, lengthsor widths, or locations/coordinates at which to set a knife or blade fortrimming, etc.), page count, publisher, version, or any otherinformation about the book, magazine, catalog, signature or otherprinted media being assembled. The variable data may be used, forexample, to tailor advertisements or may also include billinginformation that may be provided on billing forms. In addition to usingablation to add information to a substrate or printed publication,information may also or alternatively be removed from a substrate orprinted publication using ablation, for example to remove certaininformation in an advertisement which is not applicable to a particularrecipient.

According to one example, variable data may comprise a map, text, and/orgraphics related to a retail store or stores or dealer in the vicinityof an address of a recipient of a printed publication. The map, text,and/or graphics may provide turn-by-turn directions, store address,store phone number, store hours, and/or other information relating tothe retail store.

According to another example, variable data may comprisemachine-readable indicia (e.g., bar codes, etc.) representing certaindata or other information, for example address data, universal productcode (UPC) data, price data, or other data.

According to another example, variable data may be demographic orgeographic data used in a printing system to determine which of aplurality of advertisements to print in a printed publication. Forexample, the printing system may select one of a plurality ofadvertisements associated with different income levels, gender, ageranges, or other demographic or geographic data and print theadvertisements in the printed publication associated with the relevantdemographic or geographic data.

According to another example, variable data may comprise informationprinted on a printed publication (e.g., in a header or footer or otherlocation of a printed publication) representing an advertisement for aparticular dealer or retail location based on a particular region towhich the publication is being distributed or mailed.

For purposes of this disclosure, a “printing line” may be any type ofprinting press application. For example, a printing line may includeoffset or gravure applications where at least one layer is applied via aprinting blanket or plate or via a cylinder using one or more printingunits (e.g., cyan, magenta, yellow, and black printing units), oralternatively a digital type press such as traditional or drop-on-demandink jet technology presses.

For purposes of this disclosure a “finishing line” may be any in-line oroff-line process performed on the printed material after the printing isapplied (i.e., after the printing line). Such a process may includebinding (e.g., with glue or another adhesive or binder), stitching(e.g., with wire or another stitching material), trimming, gathering,collating, varnishing, laminating, embossing, bronzing, die-stamping,folding, perforating, punching, round cornering, padding, tin-edging,addressing, mailing and/or sorting, slitting, or wrapping tasks orfunctions, or any combination thereof. It is noted that a printing lineand finishing line may be combined in-line, at least in part, to performboth printing processes and finishing processes or they may be separatelines with the printed materials transferred from the printing line tothe finishing line for further processing. In either an inline oroffline finishing process a message, address, or other information thatincludes variable data may be included on blow-in material, bind-inmaterial, stickers, onserts, inserts, tipons, or other printedmaterials.

According to various exemplary embodiments including packaging, thepackaging can be printed with fixed data for substantially all discretepackaging units in a print run, with variable data for substantially allpackaging units, or any combination of fixed and variable data. Labelscan be printed with information and then applied to the product or otherproduct packaging.

Ablation Overview

According to some exemplary embodiments, printing of data (e.g., text orgraphics) may be accomplished using an energy source. An example of anenergy source is a laser. Lasers may comprise, for example, a CO₂ laser,a fiber laser, a laser diode, a laser diode array, a YAG laser or anyother laser with a power, wavelength, and other laser parameters toablate at least a portion of a layer covering at least a portion of asubstrate or another layer (e.g., multiple layers may cover asubstrate). The layers, as they relate to commercial printing, mayinclude an ink, a varnish, a glue or other adhesive, a black dye, or anyother layer that may be removed by laser ablation, or any combinationthereof. The layers may include or be mixed with an additive tofacilitate ablation. Such additives may include carbon black pigment,infrared (IR) or near infrared (NIR) absorbers such as copper hydroxylphosphate (CHP), copper hydroxide phosphate, tin oxide, andN,N,N′,N′-Tetrakis(4-dibutylaminophenyl)-p-phenylene diaminiumdehexafluoroantimonate, a conducting polymer such as Baytron P availablefrom HC Starck of Newton, Mass., Iriodin LS820 available from Merck ofWhitehouse Station, N.J., Pro-Jet 900NP available from Avecia ofCleveland, UK, or any other NIR absorber or other material that mayfacilitate laser ablation.

Ablation can be used to remove at least one layer from a surface, butmay be used to ablate multiple layers. Ablation may take place byerosion, melting, evaporation, vaporization, or other physical removalvia irradiation by a laser. Using this method, the laser can be used toreveal the background and, for instance, generate text and/or graphicson the printed media. For example, when producing a printed materialhaving a layer comprising a certain color of ink, a laser may be used toablate portions of the colored ink to reveal text and/or graphics (e.g.,a personal message, other variable data, fixed data, etc.) by exposingportions of the underlying ink (or other layer) or substrate. The laserablation technique may be used to ablate materials from any color ortype of ink or from only a certain color or type of ink. According toother exemplary embodiments, the laser ablation technique may be used toablate non-ink material from a printed material (e.g., varnish, a laseror ink jet printed section, a coated section of a printed material, anon-printed portion of paper, etc.). In other embodiments, the laser mayablate at least a portion of a layer to expose an underlying layerhaving a sensual feature, such as smell. The laser also may be used toablate at least a portion of a layer to cause a textured look or feel tooccur on the printed product. In another embodiment, the laser mayablate a layer to expose a metallic ink, other layer, or substrate(e.g., a metallic or textured substrate). In still other embodiments,the laser may ablate a layer with a glossy appearance (e.g., a varnish)to expose text, graphics, or a surface that has a matte appearance, orvice-versa.

Exemplary Lasers

One example of a suitable laser is a Videojet 3320 laser marking systemcommercially available from Videojet Technologies of Wood Dale, Ill.This laser marking system includes a sealed-off CO₂ laser rated at anoutput of 30 Watts and a 10.6 μm wavelength with a SHC 60 focusing lens.It is noted that according to other exemplary embodiments, other typesof CO₂ lasers, fiber lasers, laser diodes, laser diode arrays, YAGlasers, arrays of other lasers (e.g., CO₂ lasers) or other lasers withsufficient power and fluence to ablate a layer may be used. In oneexemplary embodiment, the laser may be at least a 20 Watt laser. Varioustypes of exemplary lasers are included in the table below:

Power Laser Manufacturer Part number output technology WavelengthVideojet 3320 30 Watts CO2 10,600 nm DataLase FL20 20 Watts Fiber 1070nm Domino DSL1 25 Watt CO2 10,600 nm Macsa K1030 Plus 30 Watt CO2 10,600nm Macsa K1060 Plus 60 Watt CO2 10,600 nm Keyence ML-G9300 30 Watt CO210,600 nm Control Laser Concord CO2 25 and 50 CO2 10,600 nm CorporationPowerMark watt Control Laser ProWriter 20 Watts Fiber 1064 nmCorporation FL20 Control Laser ProWriter 25 Watt YAG 1064 nm CorporationD25T Control Laser Prowriter 50 Watt YAG 1064 nm Corporation D50

DataLase lasers are available from DataLase Inc. of Norcross, Ga. Dominolasers are available from Domino Printing Sciences of Cambridge, UK.Macsa lasers are available from Macsa Laser Solutions of Barcelona,Spain. Keyence lasers are available from Keyence Corporation of Americaof Woodcliffe Lake, N.J. Control Laser Corporation lasers are availablefrom Control Laser Corporation USA of Orlando, Fla.

Exemplary Printing and Finishing Speeds

In commercial printing, the laser may be used to ablate at least aportion of a layer on a substrate moving along a printing line orfinishing line at a predetermined speed that facilitates printing orfinishing. According to various exemplary embodiments, printing speedsfor web-offset, gravure type, digital presses, custom web printing(e.g., press and finishing or mailing on a single line) or otherprinting processes may include speeds more or less than about 8000ft/min, more or less than about 4000 ft/min, more or less than about3000 ft/min, more or less than about 1500 ft/min, more or less thanabout 1000 ft/min, more or less than about 500 ft/min, or more or lessthan about 250 ft/min. According to one various embodiments, printingspeeds may include speeds greater than about 250 ft/min and less thanabout 8000 ft/min, greater than about 250 ft/min and less than about4000 ft/min, greater than about 500 ft/min and less than about 4000ft/min, greater than about 500 ft/min and less than about 3000 ft/min,greater than about 800 ft/min and less than about 3000 ft/min, greaterthan about 250 ft/min and less than about 1000 ft/min, greater thanabout 800 ft/min and less than about 3000 ft/min, greater than about 350ft/min and less than about 500 ft/min, etc.

The laser may also be used to ablate at least a portion of the layer(s)from a substrate or other printed material on a finishing line.According to various exemplary embodiments, materials may move through afinishing line (e.g., on a conveyor) at finishing conveyor speeds (whichcarry the printed materials such as signatures or other printedpublications to be ablated) at speeds of more or less than about 800pieces/min, more or less than about 700 pieces/min, more or less thanabout 600 pieces/min, more or less than about 450 pieces/min, more orless than about 250 pieces/min, more or less than about 200 pieces/min,etc. According to various exemplary embodiments, finishing conveyorspeeds may be more than about 200 pieces/min and less than about 800pieces/min, more than about 250 pieces/min and less than about 800pieces/min, more than about 450 pieces/min and less than about 800pieces/min, and so on. According to various exemplary embodiments,finishing conveyor speeds may be more than about 230 ft/min, more thanabout 290 ft/min, more than about 525 ft/min, more than about 700ft/min, more than about 815 ft/min, and more than about 930 ft/min.According to various exemplary embodiments, finishing conveyor speedsmay be more than about 230 ft/min and less than about 930 ft/min, morethan about 290 ft/min and less than about 930 ft/min, more than about525 ft/min and less than about 930 ft/min, etc. In some instances,pieces/minute can be used to roughly calculate the speed of the conveyorat feet/minute equal to about (#pieces per minute*14)/12.

The distance from the laser to the substrate may vary depending on thetype of laser used, including for example its wavelength and power.According to one exemplary embodiment, the distance of a laser from theprint medium may be less than about 15 inches. According to anotherexemplary embodiment, the distance of a laser from the print medium maybe between about 1 inch and about 15 inches, depending on the type oflens used. According to other exemplary embodiments, the distance of alaser from the print medium may be less than 1 mm, greater than about0.1 mm, between about 0.1 mm and about 15 inches, or between about 1 mmand 15 inches, depending on the type of lens and laser used. In thisregard, one may achieve greater marking speeds by placing the laser at afurther distance from the substrate due to less distance the laser willhave to move to print a character and because of the increased size ofthe print window. As the distance between the laser and the substratedecreases, less variance in print may occur due to vibration of thelaser or movement of the substrate.

In one embodiment, the laser source is remote from the paper medium andfiber optic cables are used to communicate the light from the lasersource to the paper. Such an embodiment allows the laser source to beplaced in a less harsh environment and allows for improved cooling ofthe laser source. According to another exemplary embodiment, the datamay be printed using other energy types, for example, an electron beam,gamma beams, x-ray beams, thermal IR, far IR or any other energy orlight type generally capable of ablating a layer of material orsubstrate.

In one embodiment, the laser may achieve the desired marking speeds forcommercial printing (either on the printing or finishing lines) by useof a system adapted to receive and output at least about 5 bytes orcharacters (e.g., about 40 bits) of data from a source of variable orfixed print data for printing every machine cycle. For purposes of thisdisclosure, a “machine cycle” may be the amount of time that it takes toprint variable data on a single item of printed material via ablation asit moves along the line. According to other exemplary embodiments, thesystem may be adapted to output between about 5 and about 200 bytes orcharacters per cycle. According to various exemplary embodiments, thesystem may be configured to output more than or less than about 50characters per printed publication, or more than or less than any ofabout 5, 10, 15, 50, 200, 500, or 1000 characters per printedpublication. The laser may be configured for more than about 200 bytesor characters of data per cycle by using higher-speed data communicationinterfaces (e.g., Ethernet, Universal Serial Bus (USB), etc.), cachedata source, less control data, use of multiple lasers, use of fastermirrors, such as micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) for directingthe laser beam, and other improvements in laser systems.

To calculate the number of characters printed per minute by the laservia ablation, one multiplies the number of characters output by thesystem by the printing press or finishing speeds (e.g., between about200 and about 700 books/min). For example, if 5 characters are output bythe system per cycle at a finish speed of about 200-700 books/min,according to various embodiments, printing speeds on the finishing linemay include speeds between about 1000 char/min and about 3500 char/min.According to other exemplary embodiments where about 200 characters areprinted per cycle at a finish speed of about 200-700 books/min, printingspeeds on the finishing line may include speeds between about 40,000char/min and about 140,000 char/min.

According to other exemplary embodiments where a laser with seven tubesand a printing capacity for two lines per tube is used, the system andlaser may be adapted to print at about 820 ft/min. At twelve charactersper inch and fourteen inch pin centers, the laser may print at about 288characters per cycle.

Variable and/or fixed data may be printed with a resolution or pixelsize of more or less than about 75 dots per inch (dpi), about 100 dpi,about 200 dpi, about 300 dpi, about 600 dpi, about 720 dpi, about 1000dpi, about 1500 dpi, about 2000 dpi, about 2500 dpi, about 3000 dpi, orabout 5000 dpi. The data may be printed with a resolution of greaterthan about 300 dpi and less than about 600 dpi (e.g., when used on afinishing line), greater than about 600 dpi and less than about 720 dpi(e.g., when used on a press or printing line), greater than about 300dpi and less than about 720 dpi, greater than about 75 dpi and less thanabout 1000 dpi, etc. These resolutions may be used at speeds describedabove or at least about 1000 ft/min (e.g., in a press or printing lineconfiguration), at least about 500 ft/min or between about 350 and about500 ft/min (e.g., on a finishing line), etc. The variable and/or fixeddata may be printed with or without the use of traditional dot printingor halftone dots, and may be printed as a bitmap or rasterized image,using vector graphics, using fulltone printing, or other types ofprinting. The data may be printed in any case with a resolution as fineas the energy submitted by the energy source, such as a laser, or asfine as may be printed based on a dimension of the energy source (e.g.,width, diameter, etc.) and/or its effect on the layer being ablated. Forexample, a laser may be used to ablate ink at a width of less than apicometer, nanometer, micrometer, or millimeter. Moreover, multiplepasses of the laser can create a large range of widths of printedfeatures or pixels.

According to other exemplary embodiments, the laser may be used toablate at least a portion of a layer on a product or on packaging movingalong a packaging line at a predetermined speed. According to someexemplary embodiments, the packaging may travel past the laser at a rateof at least about one foot per second. According to other exemplaryembodiments, the packaging may travel past the laser at a rate of lessthan about ten feet per second.

Communication

According to various exemplary embodiments, the system may communicatewith the laser and/or printing or finishing line via a wired or wirelessconnection. According to other exemplary embodiments, this communicationmay by facilitated over Ethernet, LAN, USB, Firewire, RD-232, or RS-485connections or another type of serial, parallel, or opticalcommunication protocol, such as a proprietary communication protocol.According to other exemplary embodiments, the communication may byfacilitated over a WAN, WiFi, WiMax, Bluetooth, RF, cellular, or anotherwireless communication protocol. These communication protocols can beused between a source of variable or fixed data and the laser (e.g., ata wired or wireless interface), or between other components of thesystem.

Location of Ablating Apparatus

The ablating apparatus, such as a laser, can be placed anywhere along aprinting line or finishing line. Variable and/or fixed data may beprinted to materials, such as, for example, a paper web or paper sheet,that already includes fixed data printed thereon or to materials priorto printing fixed data thereon. Examples of where the laser may beplaced in a commercial printing operation include at the beginning, endor at any point along any of (1) a printing line (e.g., before or afterapplication of at least one layer, before or after application of fourlayers of CYMK colors, etc.); (2) a binding line, including a saddlestitching or perfect binding line (a) either pre- or post binding or (b)pre- or post-delivery to the gathering chain or conveyor or (c) pre- orpost-delivery to the pocket; (3) a pre- or post-trimming operation; (4)a pre- or post-wrapping operation; (5) a mailing table; or (6) a mailingor delivery line. In another embodiment, the print media may be printedwith fixed or variable data after blending of materials for combinedmailing, which may be printed on a wrapper, through a wrapper onto theprinted material within the wrapper, on a label affixed to the wrapper,etc. In one embodiment, the underside or inside of the pages of theprinting medium may be printed with fixed or variable data during afinishing process (e.g., binding, stitching, wrapping processes, etc.).According to an exemplary embodiment, fixed or variable data may beprinted on the outside or exposed sheets of a printing medium.

Examples of where the laser may be placed in a packaging operationinclude at the beginning, end or at any point before or after apackaging feeder (e.g., primary packaging, secondary packaging, tertiarypackaging, etc.), a product feeder, or any other point on a packagingline.

According to one embodiment, printing fixed or variable data by ablatingat least a portion of a layer with a laser may be done in lieu ofconventional ink jet or laser jet or in combination with such equipment.

According to another exemplary embodiment, data may be printed by anablating apparatus as described herein on a flat card (e.g., inserts,tear-outs, etc.) prior to, during, or after binding, stitching, blowing,or onsetting to a book, magazine, or other printed material. Accordingto still another exemplary embodiment, data may be applied on a coverfor a printed material before, during, or after a stitching or bindingprocess.

According to still another exemplary embodiment, a line may beconfigured to print both fixed and variable data. For example, theprinting line may print fixed information (e.g., company name, productdescription or picture, etc.) on a substrate as well as variable data(e.g., customer name, customer address, amount, etc.) using thetechniques of the present application. According to yet anotherexemplary embodiment, variable data may be printed using the apparatusdescribed herein that applies the print based on pre-printed codes onthe printing medium.

According to yet another exemplary embodiment, the ablating apparatusmay print variable data as bar codes. According to another exemplaryembodiment, variable data may be printed as direct mailing/custom web orsorting information.

It is noted that if the wrong address is printed during finishing or ifthere is an ink splot or error on the printing plate of the web off setprinting, a laser can be used to ablate out or correct the error. Forweb printing errors, this could save having to recreate a plate if theplate was created incorrectly or poorly.

EXAMPLE

A sealed-off CO₂ laser (rated at about 30 Watts, 10.6 μm) was used toablate variable data in the form of individual names to personalizeprinted publications. The laser ablated ink on each of the publicationsto print a different name (the variable data) over an image of anarticle of clothing printed (the fixed data) on each publication. Thefixed data was printed with a web offset printing press. In one example,a name was printed on about 500,000 pieces. In another example, a namewas printed on about 3 million pieces. In a third example, a name wasprinted on about 500,000 pieces in a curved or arced orientation. Ineach example, an advertisement within the printed publications waspersonalized in an effort to enable the recipients of the advertisementsto see what the clothing would look like if ordered with their names.

In the three examples, the publications were printed with the fixed dataand sent to a saddle stitcher or other finishing line. At the saddlestitcher line, the ablation apparatus was positioned over a mail table.To be efficiently placed in the proper position, the ablation apparatuswas mounted to a portable stand adapted to be set on the floor ratherthan the stitching machinery itself to reduce vibration and providegreater portability.

The laser was generally set with a marking intensity of about 80%, andmore generally at a marking intensity of between about 70-90%. The laserwas adapted to receive up to at least 80 bits of continuous variabledata per bound piece. Accordingly, the laser apparatus was able toconvert the received data up to at least 10 font characters, and ablatetraditional off-set ink from a paper substrate to form variable print ata rate of approximately 250-450 pieces per minute with the average piecehaving about six characters printed thereon by the laser. The laser usedan SHC 60 lens, and was positioned at approximately 190.5 mm (7.5 in.)from the printed publication. To obtain the desired font, the laserscribed each character twice on each of the printed publications as theprinted publications passed by the ablation apparatus to ablate thedesired amount of ink and reveal the variable data.

Referring to FIGS. 15-16, a printed material is shown during ablationand after ablation during the third example described above. Prior toablation, the unablated publication 800 (i.e., the back of a magazine)included a fixed data graphical image 802 of a sports jersey without aname printed on it. As the printed material moved on a conveyor 804(from right to left) it passed under an ablation laser 806. Asillustrated in FIG. 15, as graphical image 802 of the jersey passedunder ablation laser 806, the laser began to remove a dark blue coloredsurface layer of the magazine to reveal a personalized name 808 (i.e.,variable data) on the jersey in a substantially white color. Laser 806moved in an arced path to ablate the name in a substantially arcedshape. As illustrated in FIG. 16, the ablated magazine 810 included agraphical image 802 of a jersey with a personalized name 808 printed onit via removal of the top layer to reveal a different colored layerunderneath. The ablated magazine 810 continued to move down the line toa finishing task (e.g., wrapping, bundling, mailing, additionalablating, etc.) while a new unablated magazine 800 passed under theablation laser for personalization.

A laser printer or other energy source may be located at least about 1inch from the substrate which is to be printed upon, at least about 3inches, at least about 6 inches, or at least about 12 inches.

ILLUSTRATED EMBODIMENTS

Printing Press

Referring to FIG. 1, an example of a printing line 10 for printing amulti-color image upon a web 12 is illustrated. In the illustratedembodiment, four printing units 14, 16, 18, and 20 each print one colorof the image upon the web 12. Each print unit 14, 16, 18, 20 includes anupper blanket cylinder 22, an upper printing plate cylinder 24, a lowerblanket cylinder 26, and a lower printing plate cylinder 28. In theprinting line 10, colors 1, 2, 3, and 4 on units 14, 16, 18, and 20 aretypically black (K), cyan (C), magenta (M), and yellow (Y),respectively. However, it is noted that any colors of ink may be usedfor web-offset printing, and more or less than four print units may beused. The location of the printing units 14, 16, 18, and 20 relative toeach other (e.g., the color ordering) may vary depending on userpreference and/or the color scheme. In the illustrated embodiment, theprinting press is a web offset press, however in other exemplaryembodiments gravure, flexographic, digital presses, or other types ofprinting system may be used. Printing line 10 may also include anablation apparatus 30 that is configured to ablate at least a portion ofa layer printed on web 12. Printing line 10 may also include one or moredriers to dry the layer(s). An ablation apparatus can be placed beforeor after the driers to ablate either a solid or liquid layer. Accordingto another exemplary embodiment, an ablation apparatus can be put beforeor after any of printing units 14, 16, 18, and/or 20.

Depending on the layer or the substrate beneath the ablated layer, theprint may be in color, metallic or in monochrome (e.g., black). In oneparticular embodiment, the variable and/or fixed data may be printed ina substantially white color by ablating non-white ink to reveal portionsof a substantially white paper substrate. In another embodiment, ink maybe ablated to reveal a metallic ink or other metal-containing substrate.In still other exemplary embodiments, the layer may be ablated to reveala matte finish, a glossy finish, a texture, or a scent.

According to one exemplary embodiment, a variable data printing (VDP)operation may include a distribution location. According to anotherexemplary embodiment, a VDP operation may include a delivery address.According to one exemplary embodiment, a VDP operation may includepricing information. According to other exemplary embodiments, a VDPoperation may include advertisements (e.g., tailored to an individualreader or recipient or a group of readers or recipients), coupons,geographic location-based information, or any other variableinformation.

According to one exemplary embodiment, a VDP operation may be applieddirectly to the surface of a printed publication. According to anotherexemplary embodiment, a VDP operation may apply variable data to anadvertisement, for example the name on the back of an image of a jersey,or image of other clothing or clothing materials. According to otherexemplary embodiments, a VDP operation may apply variable data to anyitem that may include variable information. According to anotherexemplary embodiment, a VDP operation may be applied to a label that maybe affixed to a surface.

Versioning

According to another embodiment, the system may be configured to print aplurality of versions of a printed publication. The versions may be fordifferent geographic regions. For example, the versions may include a“metro” area version and a “suburb” area version, versions printed withdifferent advertiser data to reflect local retailers, versions printedwith different theater data to reflect local movies playing, etc.Alternatively, versions may represent any variable parameter that can beorganized by variable data, such as, geographic, demographic, postal,personal, and/or book data.

According to one exemplary embodiment, versions can represent differentbook titles, magazine titles or magazine publishers, for example, in thecase where the ablation system is disposed on a printing line and/orother finishing line configured to produce two or more different titlesat the same time.

The ablation techniques described herein may be used to print fixed dataonto a web (or sheet) or variable data with only intermittent variation.For example, the laser may ablate the printed publications based on afirst set of version data to substantially complete a first print runand then switch to ablating the printed publications based on a secondset of version data to substantially complete a second print run. Thetechniques described herein can permit each print run to commencewithout having to stop the press run. In another example, the versiondata may be varied within a print run but not with each piece of printedmaterial. This could be particularly useful when printing differentversions of publications, which have runs of repeatable variable datatogether with fixed data. Using the ablative techniques describedherein, the differences between versions can be printed by ablating atleast a portion of the layers with a laser. This will reduce and maypotentially eliminate the need for manufacturing different plates orengraving different cylinders that will be used to print each version ofa publication, the make-ready time to change over the plates during aproduction run, and the labor, paper and energy waste associated withsuch make-ready and plate production. In such embodiments, the ablatingapparatus can be located on either the printing line or a finishingline.

Saddle Stitching Line

Referring to FIG. 2, an exemplary finishing line 32 is generallyconfigured to assemble signatures, books, blown cards, pamphlets,inserts, onserts, etc. into a finished printed material or publicationand bind them with saddle stitching. Finishing line 32 may include atleast one pocket 34, a flat card feeder 36, a printer feeder pocket 38,a printer feeder 40, at least one ablation printer 42, at least oneblow-in feeder 44, a stitcher section 46, a trimmer 48, a stacker 50, awrapper 52, and a mailing table 54. Any of the above listed elements canbe removed from finishing line 32 without departing from the scope ofthe disclosure. Finishing line 32 is preferably a post printing line orfinishing line modified to include at least one ablation printer 42 (asdescribed above). Line 32 can be utilized to bind, fold, batch, collate,gather, mail and/or distribute product. The elements of line 32 may berearranged in any of a variety of configurations.

Pockets 34 can be associated with fixed and/or variable data printingvia laser ablation or can receive pre-printed sheets or pages that maybe referred to as signatures or forms. Each signature is folded over amoving wire, chain, or bar (i.e., a saddle) and thus the printedmaterial travels from pocket to pocket in finishing line 32 as it isassembled. At each pocket 34, a page can be combined with other sheets(i.e., signatures) to form a pamphlet or book. The last pocket istypically a cover pocket 35 where the cover is placed over the othersignatures of the printed material. Alternatively, line 32 can beconfigured to provide a single page product or a folder type product.

A flat card feeder 36 may insert a flat card into a pocket 12 forinclusion with the print medium. Flat card feeder 14 may include printedmaterials with fixed and/or variable data, for example printed by laserablation.

Printer feeder pocket 38 is generally configured to feed a signature toa pocket 34 via pocket feeder 40 (e.g., a conveyor). An ablation printer42 (as described above) may be coupled to pocket feeder 40 to ablate alayer (e.g., ink, varnish, etc.) off of the signature substrate (e.g.,paper) to print fixed and/or variable data (e.g., a graphical image,text, etc.) either on the top or outside face of the signature or on theunder or interior side of the saddled signature.

It is noted that although FIG. 2 may illustrate ablation printer 42 tobe in specific positions, in other exemplary embodiments the ablationprinter 42 may be at any position in a printing or finishing line 32where variable data may be applied to a printed material. For example,ablation printer 42 may be placed before trimmer 48 in the finishingarea (e.g., an area to staple, bind, cover, label, etc.) according toone exemplary embodiment. In other exemplary embodiments, ablationprinter 42 may be mounted on trimmer 48, in printer feeder pocket 38, ata blow in feeder 44, on a trimmed medium, at a flat card feeder 36, neara stacker 50, near a wrapper 52, etc. In another exemplary embodiment,ablation printer 42 may be remote from a printing or finishing line 32.In still another exemplary embodiment, ablation printer 42 may beportable and placed anywhere in a printing or finishing line 32 orexternal to a printing or finishing line 32. Ablation printer 42 may beplaced within a binder to print on the inside of a signature as itpasses through line 32.

Blown card feeder 44 and an ablation printer 42 may be configured toprint data (e.g., an advertisement) on a card that is forcefully blown(i.e., by air or another gas) into a stack of signatures. Ablationprinter 42 may be configured to print variable data (e.g., customizedadvertisements, address information, etc.) to the card. Once variabledata has been printed, the card may be blown into the printed material.It is noted that while blown card feeder 44 and an ablation printer 42are illustrated as being before stitcher section 46 in printing line 32,in other embodiments, blown card feeder 44 and ablation printer 42 maybe placed at other points in printing line 32, for example afterstitcher 46 or in a finishing line after trimmer 48, or may be omitted.

Stitcher section 46 is typically configured to stitch the assembled andcollated printed materials received at each pocket 34 and cover pocket35. According to various exemplary embodiments, stitcher section 46 mayjoin the printed medium using a fastener (e.g., stitches, wire staples,etc.) or any other suitable technique.

Trimmer 48 is configured to trim to book to its desired trim size (e.g.,8½″×11″) and remove any excess material as received from stitcher 46.Trimmer 48 may include one or more cutting apparatuses or be of anyother design suitable for removal of excess material from the printedmaterial.

Stacker 28 is configured to stack or gather printed materials fromtrimmer 48 in preparation for bundling or wrapping. Wrapper 52 thenwraps or bundles the stacked printed materials for mailing or delivery.It is noted that a strapper may be present after stacker 50 and/or afterwrapper 52 to strap stacks of printed material together, for examplewith a nylon strap or cord.

Binding Line

Referring to FIG. 3, an exemplary finishing line 56 is generallyconfigured to assemble signatures, books, pamphlets, inserts, onserts,etc. into a finished printed material or publication and bind them witha “perfect binding” technique that binds the signatures together withadhesive. Finishing line 56 of FIG. 3 is similar to finishing line 32 ofFIG. 2 except for the manner of travel down the line and that line 56uses a binder 58 instead of stitcher section 46 to attach the pages andcover together. The elements of line 56 may be rearranged in any of avariety of configurations.

The signatures are fed into pockets 34 by printer feeder pocket 38 viaprinter feeder 40 as before, however each signature is stacked on top ofone another substantially flat on a conveyer line, chain, or gathererinstead of being saddled. The last pocket 34 does not receive the coveras it does in line 32. A set of covers 60 are separately fed into binder58 for binding to the signatures. The conveyor leading to binder 58rotates and thus rotates the signatures into a generally vertical axiswhere they are clamped by binder 58. The clamped signatures are rotatedaround a carousel and the end to be bound is dipped in an adhesive suchas glue. At this point, the cover is pressed against the adhesivecovered end to bind the printed material, which then travels along anextended drying line to allow the adhesive to dry. The printed materialis then sent to trimmer 48 and the process continues as in finishingline 32.

It is noted that according to various exemplary embodiments, ablationprinters 42 may be present in one or more of the same locations infinishing line 56 as in finishing line 32 including before or afterbinder 58 rather than before or after stitcher section 46. Additionally,an ablation laser 42 may be located on the conveyor that leads covers 60to binder 58 for ablation of fixed and/or variable data into the outsideof the cover, for example with a book title or a personalized message.

Polywrap Line

Referring to FIG. 17, an exemplary finishing line is generallyconfigured to assemble signatures, books, pamphlets, inserts, onserts,etc. into a finished printed material or publication and wrap, stack andstrap them similar to the lines of FIGS. 2 and 3. The finishing line issimilar to the finishing lines of FIGS. 2 and 3 except that the stitcheror binder are omitted and the wrapper wraps the unbound or unstitchedfinished printed material. The wrapper is configured to wrap thesignatures with a poly wrap (e.g., plastic) and/or a paper wrapping. Theelements of the finishing line may be rearranged in any of a variety ofconfigurations not illustrated in the figure. For example, the laserablation printers illustrated in the figure may exist in other oradditional locations on the line, for example between each pocket, asdescribed above.

Mailing Line

Referring to FIG. 4, a mailing or co-mailing line 62 that may receivethe finished printed materials from the finishing lines of FIG. 2 or 3is illustrated. Mailing line 62 is configured to combine the finishedprinted materials (e.g., pre-personalized books with variable data,books with only fixed data, etc.) described above and illustrated inFIGS. 2 and 3, with other finished materials, for example to generatebundles of materials with like zip codes, carrier routes, recipient ordestination addresses, or other postal information. Mailing line 62includes one or more pockets 64. Some of the pockets 64 may be coupledto stacks or bundles of similar finished materials (e.g., all of onebook title) in a pocket feeder 66. The finished materials may be bundledin postal code order. The elements of line 62 may be rearranged in anyof a variety of configurations.

The mailing lists associated with the different publications in pocketfeeders 66 may be merged to create a master mailing list that includesthe desired postal code mailing sequence of the finished materials. Themaster mailing list may be maintained in a controller 68. Pocket feeders66 are selectively actuated by controller 68 based on the master mailinglist. Pocket feeders 66 selectively feed books onto a conveyor 70 in thedesired postal code order.

An ablation printer 72 downstream of pockets 64 also operates under thecontrol of controller. Ablation printer 72 may print fixed or variabledata (e.g., addresses, postal code, destination, another identifier, apersonalized message, an advertisement, etc.) on the finished materials.The finished materials are then directed to a stacker 74 and a wrapper76 that bundle the materials together for mailing according to thepostal codes. It is noted that a strapper may be present after stacker74 and/or after wrapper 76 to strap stacks of printed material together,for example with a nylon strap or cord.

An ablation printer 72 may print fixed and/or variable data to thestacked materials after stacker 74, for example to mark each book on thestack with the destination. An ablation printer 72 may print fixedand/or variable data to the wrapped materials after wrapper 76, forexample to mark each wrapped bundle of books with a single postal codeor destination.

Using the methods and designs disclosed herein, variable data can beprinted to a medium in lines 32, 56, or 62 before and during an offlineor online finishing process. In one example, fixed data can be printedto a medium, for example an article in a magazine or product informationon a blown card. Variable data can then be printed on the medium, forexample by a laser ablation technique. The variable data may includeaddresses, pictures, coupons, any other type of variable data, or anycombination thereof. Variable data may be printed on the print mediumduring the offline or online finishing process.

Packaging Line

Referring to FIG. 18, a packaging line is illustrated that may beconfigured to package a product. The packaging line is configured topackage or place packaging on or around a product, for example todisplay, ship, or preserve the product. The packaging line may includeone or more pockets. Some of the pockets may be coupled to stacks orbundles of discrete packaging units (e.g., primary, secondary, and/ortertiary packaging units) in a packaging pocket feeder. One or more ofthe pockets may be coupled to a product pocket feeder for inserting aproduct into a packaging unit. Alternatively, the product feeder mayinsert a product into a pocket of a conveyor with the packaging unitsplaced on or around the product. The elements of the packaging line maybe rearranged in any of a variety of configurations.

The packaging and products associated with the pocket feeders may becompiled in a list that includes the desired sequence of the packagedproducts. The list may be maintained in a controller (e.g., controlcircuit 503). The pocket feeders may be selectively actuated by thecontroller based on the list. The pocket feeders selectively feedpackaging units and products onto the conveyor in the desired order. Thepocket feeders may also fasten the packaging units to the product orinsert the product into the packaging unit.

A laser ablative apparatus may be mounted over any one of the pockets orpockets feeders and also operates under the control of controller (e.g.,control circuit 503). The laser may print fixed or variable data on thepackaging units and/or products before, after, and/or during coupling ofthe packaging units to the product or to other packaging units. Thepower to the energy source or laser may be reduced or removed betweenprinting on the discrete packaging units.

Using the methods and designs disclosed herein, variable data can beprinted to paper packaging in lines 32, 56, or 62 before and during anoffline or online finishing process. The variable data may includeproduct information, shipping information, pictures, coupons, any othertype of variable data, or any combination thereof

Variable Data Signature/Book Locations

Referring to FIGS. 5-7, printed materials include variable dataaccording to multiple exemplary embodiments. Referring specifically toFIG. 5, an example printed material 132 includes variable data 134 onthe cover. As described above, according to various exemplaryembodiments, variable data 134 may include an address, pricinginformation, an advertisement, etc. Additionally, printed material 132may include variable data 135 on the underside of a page or signature ofthe printed material, for example if printed on a saddle-stitchingfinishing line. Referring specifically to FIG. 6, a printed material 136includes variable data 138 on the spine, for example a data signifying apoint of sale for a magazine. Referring specifically to FIG. 7, aprinted material 139 includes variable data 140 on the edges of thepages of the printed medium, for example signifying an appropriatecover. Note that variable data 134, 138, and 140 may be of differentsizes and shapes to accommodate the printed data, according to otherexemplary embodiments.

Laser Configurations

Referring to FIGS. 8 and 9, laser ablation apparatus 320 has a lasermatrix or array configuration 344 to print variable data on a printedmedium as the medium passes beneath or near the laser matrix. Thisconfiguration may allow for more variable data to be printed at a fasterspeed, for example using a rasterized, dot-matrix, or bitmap-styleprinting method. Alternatively, configuration 344 can be made of laserdiodes. It is noted that while FIG. 6 shows that matrix 344 includessixteen lasers, more or fewer than sixteen lasers may be used accordingto other exemplary embodiments.

Referring to FIG. 10, a laser ablation apparatus 420 includes a matrixlaser configuration 444 with more than one row of lasers. Laser ablationapparatus 420 may operate similar to laser ablation apparatus 320 with agreater printing capacity. According to various exemplary embodiments,the rows of matrix 444 may be lined up with an adjacent row or each rowmay be staggered. In one embodiment, matrix 444 is made up of lasers ona single head.

Referring to FIG. 11, an exemplary system 500 is configured to addvariable data to a printed material or publication. System 500 mayinclude ablation printer 502, a data source 504, an input/output (I/O)stream 506, and a printed material 510.

Ablation printer 502 is configured to receive print data from datasource 504 for output onto printed material 508 via ablation. Printer502 includes a control circuit 503 and a one or more lasers 516. Controlcircuit 503 includes a data source 510, a processing circuit 512, and aninterface 514. According to various exemplary embodiments, data source510 may be a memory, a local cache, a local hard disk drive, a CD-ROM, afloppy disk, a random access data source (e.g., a RAM), a read-only datasource (e.g., a ROM), an Ethernet port, a communication port, or anyother volatile or non-volatile memory capable of locally storing fixed,variable, and/or version data and transferring that data to and fromprocessing circuit 512.

Processing circuit 512 is configured to process a fixed, variable, orversion data input stream from data source 504 and/or data source 510and output commands to laser 516 that will cause the laser to ablate theprint data on printed material 508. Processing circuit 512 may alsoreceive commands from a user via interface 514 to aid in the processingof the data input stream. Alternatively, processing circuit 512 mayprompt a user via interface 514 for instructions. According to variousexemplary embodiments, processing circuit 512 may be any processingcircuit of past, present, or future design that is capable of processingprint data into commands usable by a laser for ablation. Processingcircuit 512 may comprise analog and/or digital components, such as amicroprocessor, microcontroller, application-specific integrated circuit(ASIC), field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other electronic,mechanical, or electro-mechanical components, as well as anycomputer-readable code or software operable therewith or thereon,configured to perform the functions described herein and other knownfunctions.

Interface 514 is configured to provide a menu structure, algorithm, orother I/O interface that I/O stream 506 (e.g., a user, an externalcomputer, etc.) may interact with to provide instructions or data toprocessing circuit 512 from the I/O stream 506 or to provideinstructions or data to the I/O stream related to information about theprocessing circuit 512 or laser 516. Interface 514 may be any interfacecapable of communicating print data information between a processingcircuit and an external I/O stream.

Laser 516 is configured to remove at least one layer of printed material508 by outputting an ablation beam. As described above, laser 516 may beone or more of a CO₂ laser, a fiber laser, a laser diode, a diode array,a YAG laser, or any other laser capable of removing a layer from aprinted material via ablation.

Data source 504 is configured to store variable, fixed, and or versiondata and to send the print data in a data input stream to ablationprinter 502. According to various exemplary embodiments, data source 504may be a memory, a hard disk drive, a CD-ROM, a floppy disk, a remoteserver, a random access data source (e.g., a RAM), a read-only datasource (e.g., a ROM), cache, flash, Ethernet port, communication port,or any other volatile or non-volatile data source capable of storingprint data. Data source 504 is configured to communicate with printer502 using any of the communication techniques described hereinabove.

According to a number of exemplary embodiments, printed material 508 maybe any substrate (e.g., paper) upon which one or more layers of print,ink, varnish, gloss, a scent, matte finish, metallic finish, and/orother layer exist.

According to some exemplary embodiments, the system may be a USB ScannerController with a Flash Extension available from SCAPS GmbH ofDeisenhofen, Germany, the Videojet Supply Unit from VideojetTechnologies of Wood Dale, Ill., or a custom print data processing orinterface system.

Multi-layer Ablation

Referring to FIG. 12, a cross-section of three ablatable layers 602,604, and 606 on top of a substrate 600 is shown with various levels ofablation performed. Various portions of substrate 600 may be coveredwith different numbers or types of layers. An ablation 608 illustratesremoval of a portion of layer 602, revealing a portion of the substrate.An ablation 610 illustrates removal of a portion of layer 604 as well asa portion of layer 602 underneath layer 604, revealing a portion oflayer 602. An ablation 612 illustrates removal of a portion of layer 604and layer 602, revealing a portion of the substrate. An ablation 614illustrates removal of a portion of layer 606 and layer 604, initiallyrevealing a portion of layer 602. However, a second laser beam (eitherfrom the same laser or a different laser) into the same ablation furtherremoves a portion of layer 602, revealing a portion of the substrate. Anablation 616 illustrates removal of a portion of layer 606 and layer 604revealing a portion of layer 604. It is noted that according to otherexemplary embodiments, more or fewer than the number of layers shownhere may exist on the substrate and more or fewer of the number ofablations may be present in those layers in any combination or depth.

According to one exemplary embodiment, the laser may be configured toablate one or more layers with varying depths (e.g., by applyingdifferent amounts of energy to the layer or layers) in order to create atextured surface.

Referring to FIG. 19, an exemplary system 1900 is configured to addvariable data to packaging. System 1900 may be generally similar tosystem 500 and include a laser printing apparatus 502, a data source504, an input/output (I/O) stream 506, and packaging 1902. The laserprinting apparatus and 502, data source 504, and I/O stream 506 may besubstantially the same as in system 500, but be configured to affect acolor change on packaging 1902 instead of or in addition to on a printedmaterial or publication. Further, the power to the energy source orlaser printing apparatus 502 may be controlled to be reduced or removedbetween printing of discrete packaging units.

Process Flows

Referring to FIG. 13, a method 700 is configured to be executed onsystem 500 to produce a multi-colored printed material (e.g., asignature, a book, a blown card, a pamphlet, an insert, an onsert, etc.)from a substrate having multiple overlapping layers of different colors.

At a step 702, system 500 retrieves a first data from data source 504 or510. The first data may be fixed or variable data that can be used bysystem 500 to print text characters or a graphical image. At a step 704,system 500 retrieves second data from data source 504 or 510. The seconddata may be fixed or variable data that can be used by system 500 toprint text characters or a graphical image. It is noted that accordingto another exemplary embodiment, the first and second data may beretrieved simultaneously, either from different memories 504 or 510 orthe same data source.

At a step 706, laser 516 ablates a first of the multiple layers that hasa first color using the first data. At a step 708, laser 516 ablates asecond of the multiple layers that has a second color and that isbeneath the first layer using the second data. This second ablation maybe performed by ablating another portion of the first layer or byablating the second layer through the first ablated portion, for examplewith the same laser.

Referring to FIGS. 20-22, system 1900 and a packaging line may beconfigured to retrieve data from a data source (step 2002) and controlthe energy source to ablate a packaging unit (step 2004), according tovarious exemplary embodiments. System 1900 and the packaging line mayretrieve fixed and/or variable data from the data source (step 2010),apply packaging to a product (step 2012), ablate a first portion of thepackaging using fixed data (step 2014), ablate the second portion of thepackaging using variable data (step 2016), etc. It is noted that thepackaging may be applied at any point before, after or during printingof the fixed and/or variable data according to various exemplaryembodiments. In other exemplary embodiments, the packaging may beablated for the printing of only fixed or only variable data. In stillother exemplary embodiments, the order of the printing of fixed andvariable data may be different. In any of the embodiments, the packagingsubstrate may be ablated or one or more layers on the packagingsubstrate (e.g., ink layers) may be ablated.

In the embodiment of FIG. 22, at step 2020 system 1900 is configured toretrieve fixed and/or variable data from the data source. At step 2022,the system is configured to ablate a first portion of the packagingusing fixed data. At step 2024, the system is configured to ablate asecond portion of the packaging using variable data. At step 2026, thepackaging is applied to the product in-line or off-line.

Referring to FIGS. 23-25, system 1900 and a packaging line may beconfigured to convey product packaging along a conveyor (step 2302),ablate the conveyed packaging using an energy source (step 2304), andapply the ablated packaging to a product (step 2306). It is noted thatthe packaging may be applied at any point before after or duringprinting of the fixed and/or variable data according to variousexemplary embodiments.

In the embodiment of FIG. 24, at step 2310, a material or layer to beablated is applied to the packaging. The material or layer may compriseany substance (e.g., ink, etc.) and may be applied using any technique(e.g., web offset printing, etc.). At step 2312, the packaging isconveyed along a conveyor. At step 2314, the energy source is controlledto ablate the material to print fixed and/or variable data. At step2316, the ablated packaging is applied to the product. In the embodimentof FIG. 26, the packaging is applied to the product before ablation.

Referring to FIG. 14, a method 710 is configured to be executed onsystem 500 to perform a printing operation, for example on a printedmaterial or publication. At a step 712, system 500 retrieves fixed datafrom data source 504 or 510 that may be used to print text characters ora graphical image. At a step 714, system 500 retrieves variable datafrom data source 504 or 510 that can be used by system 500 to print textcharacters or a graphical image related to geographic data or postaldata. It is noted that according to another exemplary embodiment, thefirst and second data may be retrieved simultaneously, either fromdifferent memories 504 or 510 or the same data source. At a step 716,laser 516 ablates a first portion of at least one layer on a substrate(e.g., a sheet of paper, a continuous web of paper, etc.) using thefixed data. At a step 718, laser 516 ablates a second portion of thesame layers as in step 716 using the variable data.

Additional Embodiments

Another embodiment of the disclosure relates to a method of printing.The method comprises retrieving fixed data from a data source,retrieving variable data from the data source, at least partiallyablating a first portion of at least one layer of at least a firstsubstrate with an energy source such as a laser using the fixed data,and at least partially ablating a second portion of the at least onelayer of the first or a second substrate with an energy source such as alaser using the variable data.

One or more embodiments described herein may print on a first substratecomprising paper; may print based on fixed data which comprises agraphical image; may print based on variable data which comprises atleast one of geographic data and postal data; may comprise first andsecond portions of first and second layers which are ablated to providea printed publication; and/or may comprise substrate which is acontinuous web comprising paper.

Another embodiment of the disclosure relates to a method of producing aprinted material from a substrate having a plurality of overlappinglayers. The method comprises retrieving first and second data from adata source, at least partially ablating a first of the layers with anenergy source, such as a laser, using the first data, and at leastpartially ablating a second of the layers beneath the first layer withthe energy source using the second data.

One or more embodiment described herein may comprise ablating the firstand second layers with the same laser; may product printed materialcomprising a signature, a book, a blown card, a pamphlet, an insert oran onsert; may be configured such that at least one of the ablatingsteps produces a graphical image; may be configured such that at leastone of the first and second data is variable data; may be configuredsuch that the first and second layers are different colors; may furthercomprise receiving third data from the data source and ablating a thirdof the layers beneath the second layer with a laser using the thirddata, wherein the third layer is a different color than the first andsecond layers; and/or may be configured so that at least one of thefirst and second data represents an advertisement for a magazine.

Another embodiment of the disclosure relates to a method of producing aprinted material from a substrate having at least one layer. The methodcomprises retrieving a first data from a data source and at leastpartially ablating the at least one layer with an energy source, such asa laser, using the first data.

Another embodiment of the disclosure relates to a system for printing ona flexible substrate. The system comprises a data source to providedata, a processing circuit, and an energy source such as a laser. Theprocessing circuit may be configured to retrieve the data from the datasource and to control the energy source to at least partially ablate alayer on the flexible substrate based on the data to form at least aportion of a printed publication on the substrate.

One or more embodiments described herein may comprise a printedpublication which is a full color printed publication; may comprise aprinted publication which is a magazine, catalog, newspaper oradvertisement; may comprise a processing circuit configured to controlthe laser to ablate the flexible substrates as they travel at leastabout 233 feet per minute past the laser; may comprise a laser disposedon a printing line configured to print graphical images on paper to formthe printed publications; may comprise a laser disposed between printunits on a printing line; may comprise a laser disposed after all printunits on a printing line; may comprise a laser disposed on a finishingline configured to assemble signatures into books; may comprise a laserdisposed on a printer pocket; may comprise a laser disposed on achain/gatherer; may comprise a laser configured to mark an outside pageof a signature and/or an inside page of a signature; may comprise alaser disposed prior to and/or after any of the following: a binder, atrimmer, a stacker, and/or a wrapper; may comprise a laser disposed on amailing table, a co-mailing line configured to collate different printedpublications for mailing, on a pocket, combination printing/finishingline, and/or on a chain/gatherer; may comprise a laser configured tomark an outside page of a book; and/or may comprise a laser configuredto mark an inside page of a signature.

One or more of the embodiments described herein may print a graphicalimage which is an advertisement within a magazine; may comprise a laserconfigured to print data associated with a retailer based on addressdata associated with an intended recipient of the printed publication;and/or may print variable data which comprises or is based on geographicdata, demographic data, personal data, bar code data, map data, postaldata, or book data.

One or more embodiments described herein may comprise a laser disposedon a co-mailing line configured to collate different printedpublications for mailing; may comprise a laser configured to ablate alayer of the printed publication to produce variable data in asubstantially white color; may comprise a laser configured to ablate alayer of the printed publication having an additive to facilitateablation; may comprise a laser configured to ablate a layer having aninfrared additive; may comprise a laser configured to ablate a layer ofthe printed publication to reveal a second layer having a characteristicselected from the group consisting of a metallic appearance, a texture,a matte finish, a glossy finish or a scent; may comprise a laserconfigured to ablate one or more layers of the printed publication atvarying depths to provide a textured surface; and/or may comprise afiber laser or diode array; or may comprise a laser configured to ablatea plurality of layers of the printed publication.

One or more of the embodiments described herein may comprise a printingpress configured to print fixed data on the printed publications; maycomprise a printing press comprising plates, wherein the plurality ofversions of the printed publication are printed using the same platesbut different sets of the version data; may comprise a laser disposed ona finishing line configured to bind or stitch signatures into books; maycomprise a laser disposed on a printing line configured to printgraphical images on paper to form the printed publications; and/or maycomprise laser diode array.

One or more embodiments described herein may produce or print on printedpublications comprising a signature, a book, a blown card, a pamphlet,an insert or an onsert; may comprise printing a graphical image on apaper substrate to provide the printed publications and controlling thelaser to ablate the graphical image based on the variable data; may beconfigured such that the graphical image is an advertisement within amagazine; may comprise a laser configured to print data associated witha retailer based on address data associated with an intended recipientof the printed publication; may be configured wherein the variable datacomprises geographic data, demographic data, personal data, bar codedata, map data postal data, or book data; may comprise conveying theprinted publications at least about 233 feet per minute past the laser;may comprise a laser controlled to ablate the printed publications withat least about 50 characters per printed publication; may comprise alaser controlled to ablate the printed publications with at least about200 characters per printed publication; may comprise a laser disposed ona finishing line configured to bind or stitch signatures into books, aprinting line configured to print graphical images on paper to form theprinted publications, or a co-mailing line configured to collatedifferent printed publications for mailing; and/or may comprise a laserconfigured to ablate a layer of the printed publication to producevariable data in a substantially white color.

While the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the Figures and describedabove are presently preferred, it should be understood that theseembodiments are offered by way of example only. Accordingly, the presentinvention is not limited to a particular embodiment, but extends tovarious modifications that nevertheless fall within the scope of theappended claims. The order or sequence of any processes or method stepsmay be varied or re-sequenced according to alternative embodiments.

Describing the invention with Figures should not be construed asimposing on the invention any limitations that may be present in theFigures. The present invention contemplates methods, systems and programproducts on any machine-readable media for accomplishing its operations.The embodiments of the present invention may be implemented using anexisting computer processors, or by a special purpose computer processorfor an appropriate printing system, incorporated for this or anotherpurpose or by a hardwired system.

The foregoing description of embodiments of the invention has beenpresented for purposes of illustration and description. It is notintended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise formdisclosed, and modifications and variations are possible in light of theabove teachings or may be acquired from practice of the invention. Forexample, the teachings herein may be applied to the packaging fieldwhere print is applied. These printed materials also may be ablated asdescribed herein. The embodiments were shown and described in order toexplain the principals of the invention and its practical application toenable one skilled in the art to utilize the invention in variousembodiments and with various modifications as are suited to theparticular use contemplated.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of adding data to a printed publicationprinted on a substrate by a commercial printing press as the substratetravels through the commercial printing press, comprising: receivingvariable data, wherein the variable data comprises, for a print runduring which a plurality of copies of the printed publication areprinted, data changed between at least two of the copies; andcontrolling an energy source to at least partially ablate the printedpublication based on the variable data; wherein the printed publicationis printed on the substrate using the commercial printing press based onfixed data, wherein the fixed data comprises data common to all of thecopies of the printed publication printed during the print run; andwherein controlling the energy source to at least partially ablate theprinted publication comprises, after the printed publication has beenprinted on the substrate by the commercial printing press based on thefixed data, controlling the energy source to remove a portion of theprinted publication based on the variable data.
 2. The method of claim1, wherein the printed publication comprises a signature, a book, a mailpiece, a blown card, a pamphlet, an insert or an onsert.
 3. The methodof claim 1, wherein the energy source comprises a co2 laser, a fiberlaser, or a laser diode array.
 4. The method of claim 3, wherein theenergy source is configured to ablate a layer of the printed publicationto produce data in a substantially white color.
 5. The method of claim1, wherein controlling the energy source to at least partially ablatethe printed publication comprises controlling the energy source to printdata associated with a retailer based on address data associated with anintended recipient of the printed publication.
 6. The method of claim 1,wherein controlling the energy source to at least partially ablate theprinted publication comprises controlling the energy source to ablatethe printed publication with at least about 50 characters per printedpublication.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the printed publicationhas been printed with a graphical image, and wherein controlling theenergy source to at least partially ablate the printed publicationcomprises controlling the energy source to ablate and remove a portionof the graphical image based on the variable data.
 8. The method ofclaim 1, wherein controlling the energy source to remove a portion ofthe printed publication based on the variable data comprises controllingthe energy source to remove the portion of the printed publication andexpose a surface of the substrate.
 9. The method of claim 1, whereincontrolling the energy source to at least partially ablate the printedpublication comprises controlling the energy source to at leastpartially ablate the printed publication in-line with a flow of theprinted publication through the commercial printing press.
 10. Themethod of claim 9, wherein the energy source is disposed on a printingline of the commercial printing press, and wherein the energy source iscontrolled to at least partially ablate the printed publication at aspeed substantially the same as an operating speed of the commercialprinting press at which the substrate travels through the commercialprinting press while the printed publication is printed.
 11. A systemfor adding data to a printed publication printed on a substrate,comprising: a processing circuit; and an energy source; wherein theprocessing circuit is configured to receive variable data and to controlthe energy source to at least partially ablate the printed publicationbased on the variable data, wherein the variable data comprises, for aprint run during which a plurality of copies of the printed publicationare printed, data changed between at least two of the copies; whereinthe publication is printed by a commercial printing press as thesubstrate travels through the commercial printing press based on fixeddata, wherein the fixed data comprises data common to all of the copiesof the printed publication printed during the print run; and wherein,after the printed publication has been printed on the substrate by thecommercial printing press based on the fixed data, the processingcircuit is configured to control the energy source to remove a portionof the printed publication based on the variable data.
 12. The system ofclaim 11, wherein the energy source is configured to print dataassociated with a retailer based on address data associated with anintended recipient of the printed publication.
 13. The system of claim11, wherein the laser comprises a co2 laser.
 14. The system of claim 11,wherein the commercial printing press is a web offset printing press,and wherein the publication is printed by the web offset printing pressas the substrate travels through a plurality of print units of the weboffset printing press.
 15. The system of claim 11, wherein the printedpublication comprises a signature, a book, a blown card, a mail piece, apamphlet, an insert or an onsert, and wherein the printed publicationhas been printed with a graphical image and the processing circuit isconfigured to control the energy source to ablate and remove a portionof the graphical image based on the variable data.
 16. The system ofclaim 11, wherein the processing circuit is configured to control theenergy source to ablate the printed publication in-line with a flow ofthe printed publication through the commercial printing press.
 17. Thesystem of claim 16, wherein the energy source is disposed on a printingline of the commercial printing press, and wherein the processingcircuit is configured to control the energy source to at least partiallyablate the printed publication at a speed substantially the same as anoperating speed of the commercial printing press at which the substratetravels through the commercial printing press while the printedpublication is printed.
 18. The system of claim 11, wherein theprocessing circuit is configured to remove a portion of the printedpublication based on the variable data and expose a surface of thesubstrate.
 19. A printed publication generated using a process of:receiving variable data, wherein the variable data comprises, for aprint run during which a plurality of copies of the printed publicationare printed, data changed between at least two of the copies; andcontrolling an energy source to at least partially ablate the printedpublication based on the variable data; wherein the printed publicationis printed on the substrate using the commercial printing press based onfixed data, wherein the fixed data comprises data common to all of thecopies of the printed publication printed during the print run; andwherein controlling the energy source to at least partially ablate theprinted publication comprises, after the printed publication has beenprinted on the substrate by the commercial printing press based on thefixed data, controlling the energy source to remove a portion of theprinted publication based on the variable data.
 20. The printedpublication of claim 19, wherein the printed publication comprises asignature, a book, a mail piece, a blown card, a pamphlet, an insert oran onsert.
 21. The printed publication of claim 19, wherein the printedpublication has been printed with a graphical image, and whereincontrolling the energy source to at least partially ablate the printedpublication comprises controlling the energy source to ablate and removea portion of the graphical image based on the variable data.